RESEARCH · PROGRAM AND SOURCES

Research questions
and evidence.

GenOS studies how agents can preserve state, work together, and learn from results under supervision. Each hypothesis needs a matching protocol and measured outcome before it can be treated as supported.

SCOPE

A summary of the material currently documented in GenOS, not an exhaustive review of external scientific literature. Prototypes, hypotheses, and measured results retain distinct statuses.

RESEARCH AREAS

Six groups of
open questions.

Each source document details its scope, technical choices, and limits. Experimental results are collected separately on the benchmarks page.

01 / RESEARCH · RUNNING

Runtime, state, and continuity

How can agent work be resumed and inspected?

GenOS explores versioned state, snapshots, counterfactual branches, and recovery. Decisions retain their provenance so results can be compared, challenged, or resumed.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Convergent replicated state and versioned histories — Conflict-free replicated data types (Shapiro et al., 2011)
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Concurrent member writes can converge on shared versioned state under explicit merge operations and invariant checks.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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02 / RESEARCH · PROTOCOL

Orchestration and topologies

What organization fits a group of collaborating agents?

The work defines eight topologies, their contracts, capabilities, and limits: specialist teams, populations, communities, shared state, and execution across comparison worlds. Their presence in the runtime does not imply equal maturity.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Distributed scheduling and organizational coordination
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Each topology answers a falsifiable question — e.g. three heterogeneous trajectories beat one single trajectory net of cost — testable per topology.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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03 / RESEARCH · INCONCLUSIVE

Memory, learning, and plasticity

How can experience influence later decisions?

This research area covers episodic and semantic memory, retrieval, lessons, plasticity, and consolidation. Effects observed in controlled scenarios remain distinct from quality measured on real tasks.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Human episodic and semantic memory systems
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Retrieval that combines similarity, recency, credibility, and success signals may improve long-conversation factual recall over a same-model raw-context baseline. The published LoCoMo result reports absolute F1, without that controlled comparison.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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04 / RESEARCH · PROTOCOL

Epistemology and evidence

What justifies a conclusion or promotion?

GenOS treats outputs as results to examine. The work covers uncertainty, abstention, provenance, independent evidence, and metric limitations, separating execution success from the validity of a claim.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Probabilistic forecast scoring — Brier score (Brier, 1950)
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Deliberation with explicit ballots and Brier-scored calibration improves error detection instead of merely producing consensus.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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05 / RESEARCH · INCONCLUSIVE

Evolution and verified development

How can an agent evolve without confusing change with progress?

GVX and evolutionary research examine transformations, mutations, lineages, experimental nurseries, and promotion conditions. They emphasize external measurements, replication, and safeguards against circular self-evaluation.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Metapopulation ecology: local extinction and recolonization — Levins metapopulation model (Levins, 1969)
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Semi-independent groups under extinction pressure maintain capabilities through migration and recolonization.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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06 / RESEARCH · HYPOTHESIS

Biomimetic systems and cognition

Which biological ideas can become testable computational mechanisms?

The program examines memory, homeostasis, communication, perception, immunity, and collective coordination as engineering models. Analogies organize mechanisms; they do not prove biological properties or consciousness.

EXTERNAL SCIENCE
Physiology, immunology, and collective behavior as design analogies
GENOS HYPOTHESIS
Biological organization patterns translate into bounded runtime operations with explicit limits — inspiration first, validation per mechanism.
GENOS EVIDENCE
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PRIMARY REFERENCES · MECHANISMS

Sources for the
mechanisms.

These primary sources describe selected scientific mechanisms used as design analogies. They do not test or validate GenOS code.

Episodic vs. semantic memory · 1972

Episodic and semantic memory

Endel Tulving · Organization of Memory, pp. 381–403

Open source ↗
Associative retrieval and categorization · 1991

The Adaptive Nature of Human Categorization

John R. Anderson · Psychological Review 98(3), 409–429

Open source ↗
Content-addressable associative memory · 1982

Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities

John J. Hopfield · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 79(8), 2554–2558

Open source ↗
Timing-dependent synaptic modification · 1998

Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type

Guo-qiang Bi and Mu-ming Poo · The Journal of Neuroscience 18(24), 10464–10472

Open source ↗
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity · 1998

Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type

Guo-qiang Bi and Mu-ming Poo · The Journal of Neuroscience 18(24), 10464–10472

Open source ↗
Quadratic scoring of probabilistic forecasts · 1950

Verification of forecasts expressed in terms of probability

Glenn W. Brier · Monthly Weather Review 78, 1–3

Open source ↗
Threshold logic networks · 1943

A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity

Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts · Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5, 115–133

Open source ↗
Patch departure under diminishing returns · 1976

Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem

Eric L. Charnov · Theoretical Population Biology 9(2), 129–136

Open source ↗
Ecosystem as organisms and physical factors in interaction · 1935

The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms

Arthur G. Tansley · Ecology 16(3), 284–307

Open source ↗
Multidimensional ecological niche · 1957

Concluding Remarks

G. Evelyn Hutchinson · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22, 415–427

Open source ↗
Colonization and extinction among habitat patches · 1969

Some Demographic and Genetic Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity for Biological Control

Richard Levins · Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 15(3), 237–240

Open source ↗
Stigmergic coordination through environmental traces · 1959

La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations interindividuelles chez Bellicositermes natalensis et Cubitermes sp. La théorie de la stigmergie : essai d'interprétation du comportement des termites constructeurs

Pierre-Paul Grassé · Insectes Sociaux 6, 41–80

Open source ↗
Local rules yielding group motion · 1987

Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model

Craig W. Reynolds · Computer Graphics 21(4), 25–34

Open source ↗
Evolutionarily stable strategies · 1973

The logic of animal conflict

John Maynard Smith and George R. Price · Nature 246, 15–18

Open source ↗
Layered perception–action control · 1991

Intelligence without representation

Rodney A. Brooks · Artificial Intelligence 47(1–3), 139–159

Open source ↗
Cellular epigenetic regulation · 1958

Epigenetic Control Systems

David L. Nanney · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 44(7), 712–717

Open source ↗
DNA structure and complementary pairing · 1953

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

James D. Watson and Francis H. C. Crick · Nature 171, 737–738

Open source ↗
Causal ordering in distributed systems · 1978

Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System

Leslie Lamport · Communications of the ACM 21(7), 558–565

Open source ↗
Agreement despite faulty participants · 1982

The Byzantine Generals Problem

Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak, and Marshall Pease · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 4(3), 382–401

Open source ↗
Hoare logic and program assertions · 1969

An axiomatic basis for computer programming

C. A. R. Hoare · Communications of the ACM 12(10), 576–580

Open source ↗
Protection principles and access control · 1975

The protection of information in computer systems

Jerome H. Saltzer and Michael D. Schroeder · Proceedings of the IEEE 63(9), 1278–1308

Open source ↗
Detection and containment of computer faults · 1967

Design of fault-tolerant computers

Algirdas Avižienis · AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, 733–743

Open source ↗
Messages, channels and noise · 1948

A mathematical theory of communication

Claude E. Shannon · Bell System Technical Journal 27, 379–423 and 623–656

Open source ↗
Consistent distributed state capture · 1985

Distributed snapshots: determining global states of distributed systems

K. Mani Chandy and Leslie Lamport · ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 3(1), 63–75

Open source ↗
Reaction and diffusion as a pattern-forming model · 1952

The chemical basis of morphogenesis

Alan M. Turing · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 237, 37–72

Open source ↗
Physiological regulation and homeostasis · 1932

The wisdom of the body

Walter B. Cannon · Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner (London edition)

Open source ↗
Dormancy and latent life · 1959

The problem of anabiosis or latent life: history and current concept

David Keilin · Proceedings of the Royal Society B

Open source ↗
Mobile genetic elements and mutable loci · 1950

The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize

Barbara McClintock · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 36(6), 344–355

Open source ↗
Clonal variation and selection in tumors · 1976

The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations

Peter C. Nowell · Science 194(4260), 23–28

Open source ↗
Versioned source history · 1975

The source code control system

Marc J. Rochkind · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE-1(4), 364–370

Open source ↗
Atomic transactions and their limits · 1981

The transaction concept: virtues and limitations

Jim Gray · VLDB 1981, 144–154

Open source ↗
SQLite compiler, virtual machine, B-tree and pager · 2026

Architecture of SQLite

SQLite project · SQLite primary technical documentation

Open source ↗
Controlled comparison, randomization and replication · 1935

The design of experiments

Ronald A. Fisher · Oliver and Boyd

Open source ↗
Counterexamples to justified true belief · 1963

Is justified true belief knowledge?

Edmund L. Gettier · Analysis 23(6), 121–123

Open source ↗
Declarative-to-procedural skill model · 1982

Acquisition of cognitive skill

John R. Anderson · Psychological Review 89(4), 369–406

Open source ↗
Neuronal workspace hypothesis and functional indicators · 2001

Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework

Stanislas Dehaene and Lionel Naccache · Cognition 79(1–2), 1–37

Open source ↗
Clonal selection in adaptive immunity · 1957

A modification of Jerne's theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection

Frank Macfarlane Burnet · Australian Journal of Science 20, 67–69; original paper reprinted in Nature Immunology

Open source ↗
EVIDENCE AND RESULTS

What we measure
stays contextual.

A number only makes sense with its task, corpus, protocol, and limits. See available results and campaigns still to be run.

View benchmarks →